River Valley Influence
Buddhism was mainly influenced in the Indus Valley (Northern India) and China. The Buddha was born in India, and Buddhism was founded in India, as well. If Buddhism was Indian, how did the Chinese become influenced by it? During the third century (B.C.), Asoka sent missionaries to northwest India (Pakistan and Afghanistan today.) Central Asian merchants learned about Buddhism in this region and accepted it. When the Han Dynasty extended power to Central Asia, the ties between China and Central Asia increased, allowing the Chinese to learn about Buddhism. (Buddhist Studies, East Asia Page)
This map shows approximately where Buddhism was founded. It was founded in India, at about the current location of New Delhi, despite it's current lack of influence in it's founding area. (I apologize for the fact that the fully zoomed in map lands on a picture of a shopping cart.)
Founder
The founder of Buddhism is Siddhartha Gautama, later to be known as the Buddha. Siddhartha was a prince. The story goes that the Buddha witnessed suffering and sought out enlightenment. He gave up luxury to find answers. He succeeded, and became known as the Enlightened One. He spent 45 years teaching others the dharma (the path to liberation from suffering), and establishing the Sang ha. (Community of monks.)(ReligionFacts, 1)
Why does this religion exist?
His intention in founding Buddhism was to lead living beings to permanent freedom from suffering. He realized temporary freedom from suffering. Motivated by love and compassion his aim was to help others find lasting peace. Buddhism was created to bring eternal peace and enlightenment. (Asia Society, Origins of Buddhism)
What is Buddhism today/How is Buddhism seen today?
Buddhism is still around today. Millions of people today are Buddhists. Whether they be in India, Pakistan, the UK, or America, there are 350 million Buddhists worldwide. Buddhist ideas appear in “New Age” religions, psychology, medicine, and even sports and business! Buddhist values appear in social movements for feminism, peace, ecology, and animal rights.
This is a painting of Siddhartha Gautama.